The Life And Death Of Tupac Shakur free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper Tupac Shakur was born in New York City. His female parent # 8217 ; s name was Afeni Skakur. She was a member of the Black Panther Party. She was pregnant with him while in prison for bombardment charges. Tupac comes from the Incas significance reflecting snake and Shakur is Arabic intending # 8220 ; thankfull to god # 8221 ; . In 1986 the Skakur household moved to Baltimore. In Baltimore Tupac enrolled in the Baltimore School for Arts. At this school he writes his first blame vocal under the name MC New York. Then in June of 1988 the Shakur # 8217 ; s moved to Marin City California. Shortly after traveling to Marin City Tupac moved in with a neighbour. This is when he starts selling drugs. In Augest of 1988 Tupac # 8217 ; s measure pa Mutulu Shakur is sentenced to 60 old ages in gaol for his engagement in a 1981 armored-car robbery. Tupac eventually stops selling drugs. In 1990 he joins a blame group called the Digital Underground. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life And Death Of Tupac Shakur or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He joins the group as a roadie, terpsichorean and rapper. Tupac is a large hit wit the group and he get down to work on his solo album. In 1991 he eventually achieves single acknowledgment wit his first solo album titled # 8220 ; 2PACALYPSE NOW # 8221 ; .The most successful paths of this album were # 8220 ; Trapped # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; Brenda # 8217 ; Got A Baby # 8221 ; . These two paths showed that Tupac had a soft side. In 1992 Shakur made his film introduction in # 8220 ; Juice # 8221 ; .And so in 1993 Tupac stared in his 2nd film # 8220 ; Poetic Justice # 8221 ; . This film besides starred Janet Jackson. After the film Poetic Justice Tupac was eventually acquiring recognized around the universe as a film star non merely a mobster rapper. In 1994 Tupac made another album called # 8220 ; Thug Life # 8221 ; . This was non a solo album he worked wit rappers Syce, Mopreme, and The Rated R. This album showed that he was a West-side mobster non an East-side mobster no more. In the same twelvemonth of the release of the album he starred in another film called # 8220 ; Above the Rim # 8221 ; . In November of 1994 Shakur # 8217 ; s New York sex assault test is opened. In the same month while coming out of a Ill-famed B.I.G picture shoot Tupac was shot in an evident robbery effort outside the music studio. Tupac blamed the shot on the Notorious B.I.G. Just one twenty-four hours after the hiting Tupac was convicted of sexually mistreating a adult females he had invited to his hotel room. He was besides charged with sodomy and arms charges. In 1995 he released his 2nd solo album called # 8220 ; Me Against The World # 8221 ; this was a multi-million-selling album. In February of 1995 he was sentenced in New York to four and a half old ages in gaol for sexually maltreatment. In May of 1995 Shakur long clip girlfriend Keisha Morris. In October of 1995 Shakur is released from gaol on bond after functioning 8 months. In 1996 Shakur released another album # 8220 ; All Eyess On Me # 8221 ; . This album debuted on the Billboard charts as figure 1.It went on to sell about 5 million transcripts. The vocals # 8220 ; How Do You Desire It # 8221 ; and California Love # 8221 ; were on the top 10 Billboard Charts for months. Then in October he starred in another film called # 8220 ; Gang Related # 8221 ; . On September 10 of 1996 Shakur was on his manner to a nine called 667 when he was shot. his record manufacturer Suge Knight merely got a caput graze. Then on September 13 Shakur was pronounced dead at 4:03 autopsy. Not much was known about the decease of Tupac. The bulls neer found the individual who killed him but they think a member of a rival pack called the Crips did it. After Tupac # 8217 ; s decease many of his fans couldn # 8217 ; t except his decease so they started rumours of him forging his on decease. Just a few months subsequently another one of his albums came out. It was called # 8220 ; R U Still Down # 8221 ; . Tupac neer had a opportunity to acquire rid of his thug image. He died at the age of 25. Many people think he could of restarted the Black Panthers. Tupac was a really originative adult male. Here is on of his verse forms: by Tupac Shakur Today is filled with choler, fueled with concealed hatred. Scared of being outkast, afraid of common destiny. Today is build on calamities which no 1 want # 8217 ; s to face. Nightmares to humanity and morally disgraced. Tonight is filled with Rage, force in the air. Childs bred with pitilessness cause no 1 at place attentions. Tonight I lay my caput down but the force per unit area neer stops, cognizing that my saneness content when I # 8217 ; m droped. But tomorrow I see alteration, a opportunity to construct a new, physique on spirit purpose of bosom and thoughts based on truth. Tomorrow I wake with 2nd air current and strong because of pride. I know I fought with all my bosom to maintain the dream alive. by jay12321 @ aol.com

buy custom Cancer of the Cervix essay

buy custom Cancer of the Cervix essay Introduction Cervical cancer is the cancerous infection that occurs as a result of abnormal growth of cells on the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that is connected to the upper portion of the birth canal. Cervical cancer is the second most common and fifth most deadly disease in women globally. In 2008 it was approximated that there were roughly 473,000 cases of cervical cancer (Blaustein Kurman, 2002). The annual deaths were at 253,500. This paper explores the pathological events that lead to infection of cervical cancer, its consequences, the related risk factors of the disease, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Pathological events leading to Cervical Cancer Pathological studies that have been conducted demonstrate that cervical cancer develops as a result of the abnormal growth in the cervical tissue. The main cause of the cancer is the human papilloma virus (HPV). This virus is transmitted from one person to the other through sexual contacts (Shah Rohan, 2004). The vulnerability is increased in women that have early sexual contacts and more than one sexual partner. These often lead to the development of cervical-related lesions that may later grow to become cancerous. The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) exists in various types. However, not all of the viruses cause cervical cancer. On the same note, one can have the HPV for several years without knowledge. However, results of the research conducted on cervical cancer indicate that 70% of cervical cancer globally is caused by HPV (Human Papilloma Virus). This virus can stay in the body and cause cancerous infection several years later. This explains the recommendations of the medical practitioners that women should undertake Pap tests as frequently as possible so that any changes in the cervical cells can be detected and treated before they develop to be cancerous (Blaustein Kurman, 2002). Pap smear remains to be the commonest screening test for cervical cancer. However, confirmation of the diagnosis of the cervical cancer needs a biopsy. This is done through the use of colposcopy (Singer Monaghan, 2000). If not detected and treated early enough, cervical cancer can spread out to the bordering organs like the kidney, the renal tract and the birth canal. The survival rate for women diagnosed with cervical cancer is almost 100% if the precancerous changes in the cervix are detected and treated early. However, the success of treatment of invasive type of cancer is largely dependent on the stage of detection. Thus, the stage at which cervical cancer is screened, detected and treated determines the success and survival of the patient (Shah Rohan, 2004). For the earliest stages of cancer of the cervix, that is 0, 1A, approximately 90% of women are able to prolong their lives by at least five years. The later stages of development of cervical cancer are relatively challenging to effectively deal with. At this stage, only 20% or fewer patients survive (Shah Rohan, 2004). This is the same case with the stage IV of a developed cancer of the cervix. Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer The most common risk factor for getting cervical cancer is sexual activity. The risk is based on the association of cervical cancer with the human papilloma virus (HPV). This virus is transmitted through sexual contact with a person that has contracted it. This is particularly linked to the squamous cell cervical cancers (Shah Rohan, 2004). Therefore women who have multiple sex partners are greatly exposed to the risk of contracting cervical cancer. This risk remains if the women are in sexual relationship with a man who has sexual contacts with other partners (Rosdahl Kowalski, 2008). The cancer of the cervix is common in women who have been celibate throughout their lives. Such women are exposed to the risk of an adenocarcinoma cancer of the endocervix. However, on a general note, all sexually active women are at risk of developing cancer of the cervix (Blaustein Kurman, 2002). The risk of development of the cervical cancer is compounded further by smoking and sexual promiscuity on the part of the woman or her male sexual partner. Lack of regular Pap smear screenings also exposes women to the risk of developing cervical cancer. Those who are commonly diagnosed with cervical cancer are women who have not had regular and consistent screening of cervical cancer through Pap smear test (Shah Rohan, 2004). The risk factor that cervical cancer puts patients to include spread of the disease to other body tissues, organs and cells. For example, as the disease develops, it is growing to affect the neighboring tissues and organs such as the rectum, the lymphatic system, the birth canal, kidneys and even the liver (Shah Rohan, 2004). This can be very fatal for the patient. Cervical cancer puts pregnant women at a great risk of spontaneous miscarriage especially if the cervix is manipulated or biopsied in the first trimester of the pregnancy. In some cases women diagnosed with cervical cancer can be rendered infecund. This happens when the treatment procedures require total pelvic removal. In such cases, the uterus, tubes, ovaries, bladder, colon and the vagina are all removed. Such surgical procedures would thus leave the woman permanently infertile. Of all the risks associated with cervical cancer the most dreaded one is the painful reality that eventually the patient has to succumb to dea th if the disease was not detected early enough and treated. Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer The progress that has been made in diagnosis of cervical cancer is by use of Pap smear. This should be a regular process that involves examination of the pelvis. Cells that are on the surface of the cervix are collected and examined on a slide. In order to diagnose cervical cancer, a biopsy is taken for analysis under a microscope. The biopsy is usually examined by specially trained physician who is experienced in the diagnosis of diseases through examination of body cells and tissues. Shah Rohan (2004) cited that cervical cancer is also diagnosed through colposcopy. This is an examination procedure that involves the use of a special microscope known as colposcope to examine the cervix (Shah Rohan, 2004). For this to be done, the entire cervix is stained with a dye that is not harmful so as to enhance visualization of abnormall cells with clarity. Another method for diagnosis of cervical cancer is the use of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). This involves the use of an electrified wire that is looped to pick samples of tissue from the cervix. This is often done by a gynecologist. Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer The signs and symptoms of cervical cancer are evident only in the advanced stages of the disease. For women in their post-menopause ages, the clear sign of the disease is the abnormal bleeding (Issah, 2010). In the advanced stages cervical cancer causes abnormal vaginal discharge. Most patients diagnosed with cervical cancer also complain of pelvic pain that is persistent and not related to other normal conditions of menstruation. Issah (2010) writes that pain can range from a dull ache to sharp pains that can be lasting for several hours. In some cases women with cervical cancer may experience abnormal pain during vaginal coitus. Besides, patients diagnosed with the disease often complain of pain during urinal discharge. This is a symptom for advanced cervical cancer. Further, increased frequency of urination and urinary infection can be an indication of a developing cancer. Treatment of Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer may be treated by use of radiation especially in stages where surgery cannot be done. Biopsy and LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure), though diagnostic procedures, can sometimes be used as treatment procedures as well (Rosdahl Kowalski, 2008). These procedures involve examination of a section of the cervical tissue for detection of the disease. This will then inform the practitioner whether the disease needs further examination or the best possible treatment approach that can be adopted. Treatment of cervical cancer can also be done through the use of cryocautery. This treatment procedure uses a steel instrument that is cooled to subzero temperature. This is done through immersion of the instrument in liquid nitrogen (Shalini, Chitrathara Amita, 2012). The intra-cooled instrument is thereafter applied to the cervical surface to freeze cells to the death. Once cells are dead they are sloughed-off and replaced by new cells of cervix. Infected tissues can al so be treated through laser ablation. This involves application of a laser beam to the specific areas of the tissues or its entire surface. This laser destroys the affected cells and leaves healthy cells in their place (Singer Monaghan, 2000; Shalini et al, 2012). However, success of cryocautery or laser ablation depends on followed follow-up examination such as the application of Pap smear. Conclusion The pathology, risk factors, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer is a medical field that continues to attract scholarly research. However, the progress that has been made in this field indicates that cervical cancer still remains the greatest threat to women who are sexually active. The easiest and commonest screening procedure is the Pap smear. Although much effort has been made to contain the disease, the greatest level of success has been witnessed in protection and not treatment. Much more investigation is thus warranted. Buy custom Cancer of the Cervix essay

Balanced Scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Balanced Scorecard - Essay Example Although the first Balanced Scorecard was designed by Art Schneiderman in 1970, the concept of Balanced Scorecard was extensively developed and widely popularized by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton. According to them, a Balanced Scorecard â€Å"defines the set of near-term objectives and activities, the drivers that will differentiate a company from its competitors and create long-term customer and shareholder value, the outcomes.† (Kaplan & Norton, 2001, p.76). The most fascinating feature of a Balanced Scorecard is that a set of financial and non-financial tools are presented in a single succinct report by comparing each tool to a ‘target’ value. This strategic performance management tool was developed with intent to replace traditional operational reports and to present a concise summary that includes the most relevant information. The first versions of Balanced Scorecard held the view that its relevance was greatly related to corporate strategy and the pr oposed design methods. As noted by Kaplan & Norton (2001), during the initial stages, it was believed that this tool would most fit the needs and requirements of mid-sized firms and hence the model was mainly employed to measure aspects like customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth (pp.76-77). This tool was periodically modified and it became popular across the globe by the end of the 20th century. However, modern management experts argue that this model is not sufficient enough to manage complex strategy implementation processes. This paper will critically analyze the potential limitations of the approach while comparing it with the emerging approaches to organizational strategy. Limitations of the Balanced Scorecard approach It is identified that the Balanced Scorecard model of Kaplan and Norton is not really effective. In the modern complex business environment, setting right objectives and following them properly is extremely essential to ensure the sustain able development of any organization. In order to follow the objectives properly, it is absolutely vital to monitor every action with a more strategy focused measurement system. Today’s scholars opine that the Balanced Scorecard model is not so optimal and strategy focused; and therefore, this system cannot ensure a sustainable business environment. In the view of Rillo (2004), one of the most noticeable limitations of the Balanced Scorecard model is that it could not effectively connect cause and effect relations time-wise. The author continues that an important strength â€Å"that the Balanced Scorecard is claimed to possess is the strong causal interrelations between the different elements that are mapped using the core strategy of an organization as a source as the financial measures have been considered merely a reflection of past activities already taken place† (Rillo, 2004). Critics argue that this model is not supported by the Hume criterion for cause and effec t relationship, which states that one activity leads another in time and there exists a causal connection between these two activities. Furthermore, it seems that this concept does not give necessary emphasis on time factor, which is vital to ensure the success of a strategy execution process. Likewise, Kaplan and Norton (2001) tell that strategic objectives must be categorized into budgetary measures so as to be pursued on predetermined basis (pp.294-296). As per this view, different objectives cannot be monitored until predetermined intervals and the measurement method is capable of providing relevant information for analysis. Many of the modern theorists do not know whether or not there exists a causal interrelation between customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth in